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Browsing Biosciences by Author "Chilwane, Kholofelo"

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    Anti-inflammatory potential of Bidens pilosa extracts on Lipopolysaccharidesstimulated RAW 264.7 cells
    (Vaal University of Technology, 2024-08) Chilwane, Kholofelo; Nkuna, Rosina, Dr.; Takaidza, Samkeliso, Dr.
    Inflammation is a natural process that promotes healing and recovery; however, chronic inflammation can lead to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and autoimmune disorders. Synthetic medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat these disorders, however, they have several negative effects. Therefore, Bidens pilosa and other medicinal plants are being investigated as alternative sources of anti-inflammatory drug. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of Bidens pilosa extracts on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Maceration with acetone and water produced crude B. pilosa extracts from fresh and dried plant material. Thin Layer Chromatography was used to assess phytochemical quality. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using TLC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated using the MTT cell viability assay. The effect of water crude extracts on the production of NO was assessed using Griess reagent assay. The effect of water crude extracts on gene expression of iNOS, IL-6, IL-10, and Stat 6 cytokines was evaluated using qPCR. The highest total phenolic concentration was 11.59 mg GAE/g dry weight in dry acetone crude extract, whereas flavonoid content was 70.28 mg QE/g fresh weight. TLC showed higher yellowwhite bands for fresh acetone crude extract, suggesting antioxidant activity. Fresh acetone extract had DPPH and ABTS IC50 values of 0.1652 and 0.0782 mg/mL. Cell viability was 48.84%–70.25 %. Fresh acetone crude extract was highly toxic (<20ug/ml). The extracts dramatically reduced iNOS and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, while dry water extract did not. Both fresh and dry water extracts at 50 and 100ug/ml strongly activated IL-10 and STAT6. This study showed that B. pilosa has bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that could be a potential source of new anti-inflammatory drugs. In vivo studies and bioactive compound separation and identification are needed to confirm B. pilosa's antiinflammatory properties.